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The second, third and fourth equations come from the principle of conservation of momentum in the three spatial directions x, y and z,Īnd hence they look very similar. The first equation originates with the principle of conservation of mass, which says that mass can neither be created nor destroyed.
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(You can read more about the Navier-Stokes equations in the Plus articlesīut where do these equations come from? Actually, their origins are quite straightforward. We're going to need some help, and that's where we turn to a supercomputer.
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You can see (below) that when they are written out in full they are a bit of nightmare to say the least! It's simply not going to be possible to get out a pen and paper and sit down and solve them analytically. Now, with the most powerful computers in the world, we can solve some of the trickiest equations in the world, including the equations that describe airflow, known as the Newton was developing techniques for solving these tricky equations in the eighteenth century, but the full power of the techniques he developed could not be exploited until the advent of the computer in the last century. They are the most common equation type that describe nature but, unfortunately, they are not the most straightforward to solve.
Differential equations involve the rate of change of variables or derivatives. And that is a good thing, because more often than not it is a brand of equations calledĭifferential equations that are at the heart of descriptions of natural processes, including the spread of diseases, the weather, climate change, or lightning strikes. We have come a long way, over the centuries, in our abilities to solve equations. In fact, we have evidence that human beings have been solving equations as far back as 2000 BC, when the Babylonians were the dominant world superpower. Mathematicians have been forming and solving equations for centuries. "But what on earth is computational fluid dynamics?" I hear you ask! Don't worry, we will come on to that. That's like having a large elephant come and sit on your chest! So, before we build the car we have to use computational fluid dynamics to try and predict how it will behave. In parts, the car surface will experience pressures up to 12 tons per square metre. The Bloodhound project, spearheaded by ex-land speed record holder Richard Noble, aims to take a car up to the dizzy heights of 1,000mph, about 1.3 times the speed of sound! At these speeds the forces generated by the aerodynamics are huge. Britain currently holds the only supersonic land speed record with Thrust SSC driven by Andy Green, 763mph! (You can read an interview with Green in this issue of Plus.)Īnd now we want to push things even further. Has now held the record for over 25 years. Over the last few decades, there has been a ding dong battle for the record between the Brits and the Americans, but Britain We've come a long way over the last century steam driven vehicles have been replaced by electric vehicles, electric vehicles have been replaced by piston engine vehicles, and now jet and rocket powered vehicles are the dominant force in the world of super-speedy cars. So, with that said, hunker down and get ready to find out the 10 fastest things in the world.The first ever land speed record was set by Gaston Chasseloup-Lausat. We like telling Mother Nature that, with labs, we can supersede her.
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Then, in 2010, Felix Baumgartner became the first human projectile to break the sound barrier when he successfully completed a Red Bull sponsored free fall from the edge of the atmosphere down to the New Mexican desert. “She jumps the tracks! Rocket on a rampage!” The news announcer chirped on a broadcast announcing the news. The next year, in 1948, a Northrop unmanned rocket sled became the first land vehicle to achieve supersonic speed, reaching 1,020 mph before careening off the rails. It was such an accomplishment at the time that he and the team he worked with were honored at the White House by Commander in Chief Harry S. Travelling at 343 meters per second (1230 kph or 767 mph), sound was faster than even the most devastating craft of war.īut then, in 1947, Air Force Captain Charles “Chuck” Yeager broke the sound barrier in Glamorous Glennis, his Bell X-1 aircraft.
Up until midcentury, the fastest thing in the world, apart from light, was sound.
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